The surgical procedure for femoral neck fractures has a very high incidence in elderly patients. Its treatment suposes better degree of patient recovery when lesser invasive surgery is carried out, in reference to post-surgery treatment and late complications. The utilization of the bipolar dome, in those cases when using the acetabulum is viable and its substitution not required, allows to conform a partial articulated prosthesis. The advantages are reducing the surgery time (specially important in elderly patients), reducing the blood loss, and the possibility of early mobilization of the patient.
The bipolar dome consists of two parts: a metallic component that will articulate in the acetabulum, and a UHMWPE polyethylene component that is assembled into the metallic one by means of applied pressure. The coupling of both components prevents the femoral head dislocation.
The eccentricity between the centre of the outer spherical surface an the bipolar dome interior favours the correct positioning of the implant. In case of disalignment of the bipolar dome, when the hip bears weight a strength moment appears, leading the prosthesis to an auto-alignment. Furthermore, the stress distribution throughout the acetabular cartilage is improved.
The metallic surface, highly polished, allows reducing the acetabulum-implant friction to the minimun.
The double articular surface allows protection of the acetabulum, because the main bearing surface is between the femoral head and the plastic component, not between the acetabulum and the metallic surface of the implant.
The use of this implant with the different femoral head sizes offers a wide range of combinations that will allow the surgeon to obtain assemblies with different neck lengths, so that a perfect adaptation to the patient's physiological conditions can be achieved
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